Christian Raffensperger is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Pre-Modern and Ancient World Studies Program at Wittenberg University, OH, USA Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
...The current translation of kniaz’ into English as “prince” or “duke” did not arise in a vacuum. Translations, like historical documents themselves, are products of their time and of their translator. As we delve into the issue...
Christian Raffensperger is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Pre-Modern and Ancient World Studies Program at Wittenberg University, OH, USA Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
...Rus’ was, in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, part and parcel of the larger medieval European world. Conceptualizing it this way is an asset when attempting to comprehend the nature of a kniaz’. A comparison can then be made of medieval...
Christian Raffensperger is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Pre-Modern and Ancient World Studies Program at Wittenberg University, OH, USA Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
...For better or for worse, names define concepts, ideas, people, and entities of all sorts. Whether the issue is the title of a medieval ruler or Pluto’s designation as a planet, names once given become enshrined in the imagination and become...
...The existence of the Eastern Way centuries before any Scandinavian expansion is proved by archaeological finds from Finland and Estonia that are associated with both Scandinavians and the eastern Finno-Ugric peoples. In western...
...Map of the historical districts of the Eastern Baltic.The very latest research shows that the Viking influence on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea and today's Russia was at least as significant as their westward—and much better...
...The various Baltic peoples' mercantile connections with the east received a major boost in the second half of the ninth century, and most of the tenth century was characterized by a boom in eastern trade. It was during this period...
Christian Raffensperger is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Pre-Modern and Ancient World Studies Program at Wittenberg University, OH, USA Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
...The title left unexamined in the preceding chapter is the one to which the bulk of this book is devoted and that is the Slavic title “kniaz’” (князь). The basic functions of the kniazia in Rus’ (ruler, military leader, lawgiver, and tax...
...Even though the Viking Age is generally taken to cover the period 800 to 1000/1050, the features that came to characterize this era first emerged many centuries earlier. In the fifth and sixth centuries of our era, the whole of Northern...
...Several Scandinavian researchers date the end of the Viking Age to the period around 1000 when these societies had formed a state and converted to Christianity. Other researchers propose the mid-eleventh century or even later, around 1100...
Christian Raffensperger is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Pre-Modern and Ancient World Studies Program at Wittenberg University, OH, USA Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
...Europe is a place. It is a continent, though with only imprecise divisions from Asia, and one that schoolchildren are required to learn about as part of elementary geography lessons. Europe is also an idea. This can be seen most clearly...
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