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Muhammad Haydar Dughlat (1499-1551), known familiarly as Mirza Haydar, was a military general and ruler of Kashmir. A first cousin of Babur, the conqueror of Northern India and progenitor of the Mughal dynasty, he was raised by Babur in Kabul for several years, who also supervised his education. The historian Mir Ghiyasuddin Muhammad Husayni, known as Khwandamir, was born around 1475 into a highly educated religious elite. He was a member of the Safavid administration and was in Shah Isma’il’s service until around 1528, when he set off for India to join the Emperor Babur in Agra. Khwandamir died around 1535. Rashiduddin Fazlullah was grand vizier to the Mongol rulers of Iran. He was commissioned by the monarch Gazan Khan (1295-1304) to compile a history of all the peoples of the world. He set up a charitable foundation outside Tabriz, which included a hospital, pharmacy, a theological school, a school for orphans, a scriptorium and a library. He was put to death in 1318. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Wheeler M. Thackston is an orientalist and a distinguished translator and editor of Persian and Arabic historical and literary works. Author of a number of noted Persian and Arabic grammars, he is Emeritus Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilzations, Harvard University. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Khwandamir

Wheeler M. Thackston is an orientalist and a distinguished translator and editor of Persian and Arabic historical and literary works. Author of a number of noted Persian and Arabic grammars, he is Emeritus Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilzations, Harvard University. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Khwandamir

Wheeler M. Thackston is an orientalist and a distinguished translator and editor of Persian and Arabic historical and literary works. Author of a number of noted Persian and Arabic grammars, he is Emeritus Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilzations, Harvard University. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Muhammad Haydar Dughlat (1499-1551), known familiarly as Mirza Haydar, was a military general and ruler of Kashmir. A first cousin of Babur, the conqueror of Northern India and progenitor of the Mughal dynasty, he was raised by Babur in Kabul for several years, who also supervised his education. The historian Mir Ghiyasuddin Muhammad Husayni, known as Khwandamir, was born around 1475 into a highly educated religious elite. He was a member of the Safavid administration and was in Shah Isma’il’s service until around 1528, when he set off for India to join the Emperor Babur in Agra. Khwandamir died around 1535. Rashiduddin Fazlullah was grand vizier to the Mongol rulers of Iran. He was commissioned by the monarch Gazan Khan (1295-1304) to compile a history of all the peoples of the world. He set up a charitable foundation outside Tabriz, which included a hospital, pharmacy, a theological school, a school for orphans, a scriptorium and a library. He was put to death in 1318. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Wheeler M. Thackston is an orientalist and a distinguished translator and editor of Persian and Arabic historical and literary works. Author of a number of noted Persian and Arabic grammars, he is Emeritus Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilzations, Harvard University. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Erik Kwakkel is book historian and professor at the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Khwandamir

Wheeler M. Thackston is an orientalist and a distinguished translator and editor of Persian and Arabic historical and literary works. Author of a number of noted Persian and Arabic grammars, he is Emeritus Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilzations, Harvard University. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Erik Kwakkel is book historian and professor at the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Nathalie Kálnoky is a member of the Centre for History and Anthropology of Law, University of Paris Nanterre, France. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.

Farkas Kálnoky